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    Steering Agents is an Unsolved Problem, says OpenAI’s Alexander Embiricos

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    Steering Agents is an Unsolved Problem, says OpenAI’s Alexander Embiricos

    Codex proposes code changes at scale, but engineering teams still decide what gets merged

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    When OpenAI introduced Codex in August 2021 it was framed as a model that translates natural language into code. Today’s Codex has evolved: product lead Alexander Embiricos tells the AI+16z podcast that the product is meant to be “an agent working remotely”. A cloud teammate that can perform tasks in sandboxed environments and propose pull requests for review.

    Embiricos describes a development arc from small, single-file autocompletions to multi-file reasoning and background execution. “You can give Codex a description, and it will generate a pull request on its own,” he said, noting the product’s cloud-agent design and the safety tradeoffs that informed it. OpenAI documents that each Codex task runs in its own sandboxed environment and that agents operate in repo-scoped cloud sandboxes.

    What developers actually use Codex for

    Embiricos says the dominant use case so far is feature development. “By far the thing that people use Codex for is building new features,” he told AI+16z, adding that users appreciate the speed to first prototype. That aligns with independent reporting: Engine Labs called Codex “functional, clean, and narrowly focused,” and said it accelerates prototyping while leaving some rough edges for teams using non-GitHub tooling.

    Concrete usage numbers help explain developer behavior: Embiricos noted that “Codex has opened like 400k PRs since launch in like 34 days … and it’s merged like 350-something K of those PRs”: a claimed merge rate in the 80% range, which he links to Codex’s particular cloud-agent form factor and its pattern of showing work before opening PRs. That form factor intentionally trades automatic pushes for reviewable drafts to reduce operational risk.

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